The disciplined reading of terroir, vintage and varietal in the glass, until your palate can name a wine's birthplace blind.
The word is French. In Middle French a sommelier was the court official in charge of moving supplies, and the name probably goes back to the driver of a pack animal. The examined craft, naming a wine by its taste and proving it before examiners, was born in Britain: the first Master of Wine examinations were held in 1953, and the first Master Sommelier examination followed in 1969. London is still where its examiners are based. The Institute of Masters of Wine works from there, and since that first exam only some five hundred people have earned the title. In Bermondsey, the Wine & Spirit Education Trust, founded in 1969, saw 134,000 candidates take its qualifications in 2023/24.
| Place | Season | Level | How long |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bordeaux | May-Oct | Beginner -> Oenologist | 2–4 weeks |
| London | Sep-Jun | Beginner -> Master of Wine | months–years |
| Napa Valley | Mar-Nov | Beginner -> Diploma / Enology | months–years |
The growers settle this one, not the schools: the Union des Grands Crus, founded in 1973, has 126 member châteaux and put nearly five thousand trade professionals through the city over four days of En Primeur Week in April 2026. A town that fills for four days because of what is in the barrels belongs to the trade. Three schools work in it, one of them the growers' own.
Among the classified-growth châteaux, the University of Bordeaux’s tasting diploma runs from September to May, and the city of wine teaches you to taste the terroir that wrote the rulebook.
Living sceneHeritageFour institutions in one city, and they are the bodies rather than the schools — the qualification is written, examined and awarded here. That puts a Level 1 student in the same building as people sitting the Diploma, which is what a ladder in one room looks like. Nothing outside the trade describes it, and nobody of ours has been.
The examined craft was born in Britain, and London is where it is still set: the Institute of Masters of Wine works from here, and WSET runs its flagship school in Bermondsey, so this is where wine credentials are earned, not bought.
BirthplaceLiving sceneVerified schoolsGold credentialThree institutions, and the densest New World cohort of Diploma candidates — plus a university department, which means research sits beside the tasting room. A valley built entirely around one craft is the point here. ⚠ The growers' evidence on this craft belongs to Bordeaux, not to Napa.
The densest New World cohort of WSET candidates learns here, in a valley built entirely around the craft — classroom days and tastings in Napa itself, with the Diploma studied online and examined here.
Living sceneVerified schoolsGold credentialWhat you can realistically reach: A WSET Level 2 or 3 intensive (a few days to a couple of weeks) genuinely earns a recognised qualification and a structured tasting method. The Diploma, MW and MS titles are years beyond that — worth not confusing with a short course.
There is a real difference between a school that teaches you and a good-looking website, and too much of the internet is the second kind. Four instruments do the work, and every one of them is visible on the page you are already on.
If a place dodges these, that's your answer. It costs you nothing to ask, and it tells you everything.
This is the short version. The full method is here — the six questions, in order, for any craft anywhere.